Tag: Cooling

Yesterday, The Cheefio mentioned “During the times I was looking at GIStemp, I’d noticed that GHCN had reduced the high altitude coverage. Thermometers had fled the mountains for lower elevations.”

I’ve been using the Berkley Earth dataset, quality controlled. (not that I trust it for reasons demonstrated here) .

So I thought I would take a quick and dirty snapshot of the BEST data elevation. I looked all stations that had an elevation and had 12 months of data at the decadal rollover (1900, 1910 … 2010).

It looks like the Cheefio was right, with the peak year being near 1940 and then dropping for the next 60 years . (Of course the Elevation may have peaked slightly higher before or after 1940 … I didn’t do every year).

According to a lapse rate calculator I found online, a 46m drop would raise temperature by .45C from 1940 to 2000. I’m not quite sure what to make of the big drop in stations in 2010 and subsequent rise in elevation. The number drops back to 423m in 2010 if you change the criteria to any data in 2010. I must assume many of the stations were incomplete for 2010.

I’ve been trying to figure out why so many weather stations are cooling since 1900 in the US. You can check out the map of their locations here.

I’ve been using the Berkley Earth dataset, quality controlled. (not that I trust it for reasons demonstrated here) .

Then I came across a list of US Counties with 2010 population and Latitude and Longitude here. And I found a list of Population By County with data for 1900,1910,1920 up to 1990 here. So I wrote a small [R] script to import the files, massage them a tiny bit so I could merge them by FIPS code.

#http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/county/CenPop2010_Mean_CO.txt
filenameCLL = "F:/R/CenPop2010_Mean_CO.txt"

#http://www.nber.org/data/census-decennial-population.html
# download the xlsx file
## Change all . to 0 using text editor before next step
filenameCC = "F:/R/cencounts.csv"

dfCLL dfCLL[4:5, "fips"] dfCLL$fips
dfCC
# Merge the two files by FIPS
dfCounty = merge(dfCLL,dfCC)
# Rename 3 columns
# Notice the POPULATION column is pop2010
# For completeness I may track down pop2000

names(dfCounty)[names(dfCounty)=="LATITUDE"] <- "Latitude"
names(dfCounty)[names(dfCounty)=="LONGITUDE"] <- "Longitude"
names(dfCounty)[names(dfCounty)=="POPULATION"] <- "pop2010"

# calculate the dif
# so far no code deals with Alaska etc  where counties had 0 pop in 1900
# I just used a text editor to replace the no population placeholder . with 1
dfCounty[4:5, "difPct"] dfCounty$difPct dfCounty[4:5, "dif"] dfCounty$dif

And then I mapped those counties with the R package RGoogleMaps. In the map below I am only showing the counties that have been shrinking since 1900.

Doesn’t it look a like the map of cooling stations? Admittedly there is no an exact match because the Latitude Longitude is for the center (by population I think) of the counties and there is no guarantee that just because a county is losing population the area right around the station is losing population. But it might be a good indicator, or maybe UHI at the county level is important.

But I think I am zeroing in on the reason there are so many cooling stations in the mid to eastern USA. Depopulation. Deindustrialization. Negative UHI.

And if a shrinking population can cause stations to cool despite increasing CO2, could not the opposite be true? Could not the warming be caused exclusively by population growth?

Finally, that map is just the counties shrinking since 1990.

[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1900: 694"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1910: 865"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1920: 955"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1930: 979"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1940: 1033"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1950: 957"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1960: 882"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1970: 814"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1980: 1028"
[1] "Counties Shrinking Since 1990: 823"

I’m trying to get handle on why so many US stations have cooled since 1900. So I thought I would zoom into an area bounded by Latitude 38 and Latitude 43.999 and Longitude 92W and 83W which is roughly centered on Gary Indiana. I am not an expert on that region, but it seems to me that a lot of the warming stations are centered in those circles Google Maps shows for cities. I suspect that UHI is the cause of much of the warming and the reason some stations are cooling is because they have less UHI.

Of the 181 stations on this map, 93 are cooling and 88 are warming.

The mean of the warming stations is 0.061C/decade.

The mean of the cooling station is  -0.051C/decade.

And the overall mean is a minuscule 0.0036C/decade.

1934 is considered by some to be the warmest year in US history (except for the misguided who believe GISS).

As we move forward I have calculated which BEST stations have cooled since 1934. Again this isn’t all of them, but most are still in the USA.

I have been looking at the BEST data and playing around with [R] and came across a package for [R] called RGoogleMaps that allows you to download a 640×640 Google Map tile and add text or points.

I thought why not find which climate stations have been cooling from 1900 and map them. This isn’t every station (it is most of them) but this map is zoomed in to the USA.